A wannan makon, ma’aikatan kashe gobara sun fara neman gwajin PFAS mai zaman kansa, wani sinadari mai alaƙa da cutar daji a cikin kayan aikin, kuma sun nemi ƙungiyar ta yi watsi da ɗaukar nauyin masana'antun sinadarai da kayan aiki.
Sean Mitchell, kyaftin na Sashen kashe gobara na Nantucket, yana aiki kowace rana tsawon shekaru 15.Sanye da manyan kaya na iya kare shi daga zafi da kuma harshen wuta a wurin aiki.Amma a bara, shi da tawagarsa sun ci karo da bincike mai tayar da hankali: sinadarai masu guba kan kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don kare rayuka na iya sa su rashin lafiya.
A wannan makon, Kyaftin Mitchell da sauran mambobin kungiyar kashe gobara ta duniya, babbar kungiyar masu kashe gobara a Amurka, sun bukaci jami’an kungiyar da su dauki mataki.Suna fatan gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu kan PFAS da sinadarai da take amfani da su, kuma su nemi ƙungiyar ta kawar da ɗaukar nauyin masana'antun kayan aiki da masana'antar sinadarai.Nan da ‘yan kwanaki masu zuwa, ana sa ran wakilan kungiyar sama da 300,000 za su kada kuri’a kan matakin-a karon farko.
Kyaftin Mitchell ya ce "A kullum muna fuskantar wadannan sinadarai.""Kuma yayin da nake yin nazari, sai na ji kamar ni kadai ne ke yin wadannan sinadarai ya ce wadannan sinadarai."
Tare da tabarbarewar tasirin sauyin yanayi, amincin ma'aikatan kashe gobara ya zama matsala cikin gaggawa don warwarewa.Sauyin yanayi ya kara zafi kuma ya sa kasar ta fuskanci mummunar gobara, wanda ya haifar da wadannan bukatu.A watan Oktoba, ma'aikatan kashe gobara goma sha biyu a California sun shigar da kara a kan 3M, Chemours, EI du Pont de Nemours da sauran masana'antun.A shekarar da ta gabata, an kona kadada miliyan 4.2 a jihar, inda ake zargin wadannan kamfanoni da gangan suka kera ta tsawon shekaru da dama.Da kuma sayar da kayan yaki da gobara.Ya ƙunshi sinadarai masu guba ba tare da gargaɗi game da haɗarin sinadarai ba.
“Fadar kashe gobara sana’a ce mai hatsari kuma ba ma son ma’aikatan kashe gobara su kama wuta.Suna bukatar wannan kariya.”In ji Linda Birnbaum, tsohuwar darektan Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta kasa."Amma yanzu mun san cewa PFAS na iya aiki, kuma ba koyaushe zai yi aiki ba."
Dokta Birnbaum ya kara da cewa: "Yawancin hanyoyin numfashi suna yin ƙaura suna shiga cikin iska, kuma numfashin yana hannunsu da kuma jikinsu.""Idan suka koma gida suyi wanka, za su dauki PFAS gida.
DuPont ya bayyana cewa "ya ji takaici" tare da masu kashe gobara da ke neman a hana daukar nauyi, kuma sadaukar da kai ga wannan sana'a ya kasance "mai wuyar gaske."3M ya ce yana da "alhaki" ga PFAS kuma yana ci gaba da aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi.Chemours ya ƙi yin sharhi.
Idan aka kwatanta da wuta mai kisa, gine-ginen da hayaƙi ko jahannama ke kewaye da ma'aikatan kashe gobara, haɗarin sinadarai a cikin kayan yaƙin kashe gobara kamar ba su da kyau.Amma a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, ciwon daji ya zama sanadin mutuwar masu kashe gobara a duk fadin kasar, wanda ya kai kashi 75% na mutuwar masu aikin kashe gobara a shekarar 2019.
Binciken da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kasa ta gudanar a Amurka ya gano cewa hadarin da masu kashe gobara ke fama da shi ya zarce na yawan jama'a a Amurka da kashi 9% kuma hadarin mutuwa daga cutar ya kai kashi 14%.Masana harkokin kiwon lafiya sun yi nuni da cewa, masu kashe gobara sun fi fuskantar hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji, da mesothelioma da lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkin ba, kuma lamarin bai ragu ba, duk da cewa jami’an kashe gobara na Amurka a yanzu suna amfani da jakunkuna mai kama da na’urorin nutsewa domin kare kansu daga hayakin Wuta mai guba.
Jim Burneka, wani ma’aikacin kashe gobara a Dayton, Ohio, ya ce: “Wannan ba mutuwa ba ce kan aikin gargajiya.Masu kashe gobara sun fado daga kasa ko rufin ya ruguje kusa da mu.”A duk faɗin ƙasa Rage haɗarin cutar daji na ma'aikata.“Wannan wani sabon nau’in mutuwa ne.Har yanzu aikin ne ya kashe mu.Sai dai mun cire takalminmu muka mutu.”
Ko da yake yana da wuya a samar da alakar kai tsaye tsakanin bayyanar da sinadarai da cutar kansa, musamman a lokuta daban-daban, masana kiwon lafiya sun yi gargadin cewa bayyanar sinadarai na kara hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansa ga masu kashe gobara.Mai laifi: kumfa da ma'aikatan kashe gobara ke amfani da shi don kashe wuta mai haɗari musamman.Wasu jihohin sun dauki matakin hana amfani da su.
Sai dai wani bincike da wasu masu bincike daga jami'ar Notre Dame suka buga a shekarar da ta gabata ya nuna cewa, tufafin kariya na 'yan kwana-kwana na dauke da adadi mai yawa na sinadarai makamantan su don kiyaye rigar kariya daga ruwa.Masu bincike sun gano cewa waɗannan sinadarai suna faɗowa daga tufafin, ko kuma a wasu lokuta suna ƙaura zuwa Layer na ciki.
Abubuwan sinadarai da ake tambaya suna cikin nau'in mahaɗan roba da ake kira perfluoroalkyl da abubuwan polyfluoroalkyl, ko PFAS, waɗanda ake samu a cikin kewayon samfura, gami da akwatunan ciye-ciye da kayan ɗaki.Ana kiran PFAS a wasu lokuta a matsayin "sinadarai na har abada" saboda ba a lalata su gaba ɗaya a cikin mahalli kuma saboda haka suna da alaƙa da nau'ikan tasirin kiwon lafiya, ciki har da ciwon daji, lalacewar hanta, raguwar haihuwa, asma, da cutar thyroid.
Graham F. Peaslee, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar nukiliya na gwaji, ilmin sinadarai da kuma biochemistry a Notre Dame de Paris, wanda ke kula da binciken, ya ce duk da cewa ana kawar da wasu nau'ikan PFAS, amma ba a tabbatar da wasu hanyoyin da za su fi aminci ba.
Dokta Peaslee ya ce: "Wannan babban haɗari ne, amma za mu iya kawar da wannan haɗarin, amma ba za ku iya kawar da haɗarin kutsawa cikin ginin da ke ƙonewa ba."“Kuma ba su gaya wa ma’aikatan kashe gobara game da hakan ba.Don haka suna sanye da shi, suna yawo a tsakanin kiraye-kirayen.”Yace."Wannan hulɗar dogon lokaci ce, wannan ba shi da kyau."
Doug W. Stern, darektan hulda da manema labarai na kungiyar masu kashe gobara ta kasa da kasa, ya ce shekaru da yawa, yana da manufa da aiki cewa mambobin kungiyar suna sanya kayan kashe gobara ne kawai a cikin hadari ko gaggawa.
Gwamnatin Biden ta bayyana cewa za ta baiwa PFAS fifiko.A cikin takardun yakin neman zabensa, Shugaba Biden ya yi alkawarin ayyana PFOS a matsayin wani abu mai hadari ta yadda masana'antun da sauran masu gurbata muhalli za su biya kudin tsaftacewa da kuma kafa ka'idojin ruwan sha na kasa don sinadari.New York, Maine da Washington sun riga sun dauki matakin hana PFAS a cikin kunshin abinci, kuma wasu haramcin suna cikin bututun.
"Ya zama dole a ware PFAS daga samfuran yau da kullun kamar abinci, kayan kwalliya, kayan yadi, kafet," in ji Scott Faber, babban mataimakin shugaban al'amuran gwamnati na Kungiyar Ayyukan Muhalli, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke aikin tsabtace muhalli."Bugu da ƙari, adadin masu kashe gobara da aka fallasa su ma sun yi yawa sosai."
Lon.Ron Glass, shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ma'aikatan Wuta ta Orlando, ya kasance mai kashe gobara tsawon shekaru 25.A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, wasu abokansa biyu sun mutu sakamakon cutar daji.Ya ce: “Lokacin da aka ɗauke ni aiki na farko, abin da ya yi sanadin mutuwa na ɗaya shine haɗarin gobara a wurin aiki sai kuma ciwon zuciya.”"Yanzu duk kansa ne."
“Da farko, kowa ya zargi kayan daban-daban ko kumfa da suka kone.Sa'an nan, mun fara nazarinsa sosai kuma muka fara nazarin kayan aikin mu na bunker."Yace.“Da farko masana’anta sun gaya mana cewa babu wani abu da ba daidai ba kuma babu illa.Ya zama cewa PFAS ba kawai a kan harsashi na waje ba ne, har ma da fatar mu a cikin rufin ciki. "
Lieutenant Glass da abokan aikinsa yanzu suna kira ga Ƙungiyar kashe gobara ta Duniya (wanda ke wakiltar masu kashe gobara da ma'aikatan lafiya a Amurka da Kanada) don yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje.An gabatar da kudurin nasu na yau da kullun ga taron shekara-shekara na kungiyar a wannan makon, kuma sun bukaci kungiyar ta hada kai da masana'antun don samar da hanyoyin da ba su da aminci.
A sa'i daya kuma, Kyaftin Mitchell yana kira ga kungiyoyin kwadago da su yi watsi da tallafin nan gaba daga masana'antun sinadarai da kayan aiki.Ya yi imanin cewa kudaden sun rage daukar matakai kan lamarin.Bayanai sun nuna cewa a cikin 2018, ƙungiyar ta karɓi kusan dala 200,000 a cikin kudaden shiga daga kamfanoni waɗanda suka haɗa da masana'anta WL Gore da mai kera kayan aiki MSA Safety.
Mista Stern ya nuna cewa kungiyar tana tallafawa bincike kan kimiyyar fallasa PFAS da ke da alaƙa da na'urorin kashe gobara kuma tana haɗin gwiwa tare da masu bincike kan manyan bincike guda uku, ɗaya ya haɗa da PFAS a cikin jinin masu kashe gobara, da kuma wanda ke nazarin ƙura daga sashin kashe gobara don tantance abubuwan PFAS, kuma gwaji na uku na kayan aikin kashe gobara na PFAS.Ya ce kungiyar kuma tana goyon bayan sauran masu bincike da ke neman tallafi don nazarin batutuwan PFAS.
WL Gore ya ce ya ci gaba da kasancewa da kwarin gwiwa kan amincin samfuran sa.Tsaro na MSA bai amsa bukatar yin sharhi ba.
Wani cikas shine masana'antun sun mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasa, wanda ke kula da ka'idodin kayan wuta.Alal misali, rabin mambobin kwamitin da ke da alhakin kula da ka'idodin tufafi da kayan aiki sun fito ne daga masana'antu.Wani mai magana da yawun kungiyar ya ce waɗannan kwamitocin suna wakiltar “daidaita buƙatu, gami da sashen kashe gobara.”
An gaya wa mijin Diane Cotter Paul, ma'aikacin kashe gobara a Worcester, Massachusetts, shekaru bakwai da suka wuce cewa yana da ciwon daji.Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko da ya nuna damuwa game da PFAS.Bayan shekara 27 tana hidima, an ƙara wa mijinta girma zuwa laftanar a watan Satumba 2014. “Amma a watan Oktoba, aikinsa ya ƙare,” in ji Ms. Kotter.An gano shi yana da ciwon daji.Kuma ba zan iya gaya muku yadda abin mamaki yake ba."
Ta ce masu kashe gobara na Turai ba sa amfani da PFAS, amma lokacin da ta fara rubuta masana'antun a Amurka, babu "amsa."Ta ce matakin da kungiyar ta dauka na da muhimmanci, duk da cewa lokaci ya kure wa mijinta.Ms. Kurt ta ce: "Abin da ya fi wahala shi ne ba zai iya komawa bakin aiki ba."
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-04-2021